Delivering Added Value

Delivering Added Value Introduction Purpose Contemporary businesses are currently faced with a new marketing principle: creating added value for customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Delivering Added Value specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Creating added value, however, is compounded with diverse challenges in its definition, with some theories claiming that creating value does not only entail providing customers with services that are within their expectation, but providing them services that are beyond their expectations(Craven 2002, p. 57). But how can a firm successfully create value for its customers? This report will focus on the case study, â€Å"Southwest Airlines† to give an informed review of added value by critically analyzing two business strategies adopted to create value for the customers: servicescape and service innovation. Servicescape model is critical for creating added value because physical appearance is th e first experience that customers are exposed to, while service innovation is critical because any company wishing to prosper must keep its business operation in line with the dynamic technological changes. Definition of Value Creation Added value is a term that is related with customers’ feelings after they take a step of purchasing a product or a service. Thus, creating value for customers can be defined as assessing the benefit the customers get after they deduct their expense from purchasing a product or service (Craven 2002, p. 59). It is, indeed, true that many customers expect more than a service or a product from the firm, as a vast majority of them depict the need for mental and emotional relationship with the companies, because they think that this creates value for them (Christopher Ballantyne 2002, p. 83). An overview of the Company Southwest Airlines is a service industry that aims at offering its customers with distinctive air transport services. The company st arted in 1971, with an aim of providing its customers with air transport at a lower cost (Southwest Airlines Co. n.d.).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Eventually, the company adopted a strategy that seeks to provide its diverse customers with added value by making sure that the services exceed the price paid by the customer as well as what the customer expects to pay for the services. The company believes that creating value is one of the crucial activities the firm would take to attain a competitive edge. Even though the company started with purchasing products that were diesel powered, it has managed to replace its components and equipments with modern equipment, which are environmentally friendly, at a reduced cost (Southwest Airlines Co. n.d). More so, it has managed to come up with more innovative products in the new airport lounges and the business class pr oducts. The company has also managed to come up with a number of trained personnel who take care of the children while their parents are in the â€Å"business class.† This new experience within the industry creates an added value for the customers. The value creation in the Southwest Airlines has been attributed to effective value creation models. This report will critically analyze two value creation models that have been adopted by Southwest Airlines, namely, service innovation model and servicescape model, with a view of establishing the viability of the models in creating value for the customers. Through a number of recommendations, the report will shed light on how the company can improve its value creation for its customers. Analysis and Findings Value Creation through Servicescape Model Sevicecsape model involves recognizing the rationale behind considering physical attributes of a service industry as a key marketing point (Grà ¶nroos 2007, p.176). This plays a critic al role in enhancing first impression for the customers, and hence the overall brand image of the company. In the Southwest Airlines, the customers have many opportunities of getting in touch with the company’s environment as they await their flights. Thus, servicescape is a critical model that is able to assess added value for the customers of the Southwest Airlines.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Delivering Added Value specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using the servicescape framework, one is able to concur that the physical attributes of the airplanes and the exterior attributes of the airport are critical in value creation (Looy Dierdonck 2001, p. 183). And in a bid to explain the rationale of considering physical factors as critical in value creation, the model groups these factors into three categories: ambient condition, size and symbols category, and the spatial layout category. This model aims at a ssessing whether these environmental factors add value to the customers by evoking positive impression. Value Creation in the Southwest Airlines through Servicescape Model The Southwest Airline takes advantage of its attractive airplanes in the â€Å"business class† to provide added value for its customers. Using the ambient condition, the customers are provided with added value by preventing them from pointless noise, which emanate from the aircrafts as well as the outside environment (Southwest Airlines Co. n.d). The soundproof components facilitate this, while noise from one passenger to the other is eradicated by the use of earphones provided to each passenger. The strategy provides sanity in the â€Å"business class,† making sure that the customers are not adversely affected by adverse environmental factors within the setting. More over, this strategy does not only endeavor to make sure that sound pollution is minimized, but it provides an avenue for ensuring that the plane gets enough oxygen at all times. Sight is another critical component that has been put out into consideration in a bid to create added value for customers. This has been achieved by making sure that the airplanes receive enough amount of light, taking into account different periods within the â€Å"business class.† For case in point, during the business hours, the customers are provided with different lighting from the sleeping hours (Southwest Airlines Co. n.d.). The sound absorbers, which facilitate control of noise, are kept out of the customers’ sight.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Attractive design is also put into consideration in the â€Å"business class.† The interior layout is designed in such a way that it offers sufficient dà ©cor, given that this class provides services to businesspersons. Thus, customer value is created through maximizing the space in a manner that facilitates efficient placing of briefcases, and thus enhancing their business discussions. The company takes into account that providing best product /service among the alternatives should be based on what is best for the guests: using guests’ emotions, and not the emotions of the decision makers (Dibb et al. 2005, p. 57). In this regard, the company uses signs and symbols that have a connotation with the customers’ emotions, thus facilitating an increase in services. This idea stems from the fact that increasing customer value entails making sure that they are more inclined to purchasing emotional products as opposed to the non-emotional products (Falkowski Grochows ka 2009). With regard to staff, the Southwest Airlines exude confidence that the company is able to create added value for customer by not only improving the internal environmental factors of the Airplanes’ â€Å"business class,† but also managing the attitudes affecting the customers with regard to environmental factors (McColl-Kennedy 2003, p. 67). In this regard, the company has created social relations and collaborated with other companies’ practices that are in line with the Servicescape strategy. And it is for this reason that the Southwest Airlines has taken the initiative of benchmarking its uniform with industries that provide designers’ clothing, which catch the eye of the customers. Additionally, the company has already come up with a differentiation strategy that defines the dress code for the â€Å"business class,† which facilitate a business culture within the â€Å"business class,† and this add value to customers through impro ved cohesion between them (Bowie Buttle 2008, p. 34). Critical Analysis of Servicescape Model Using â€Å"3 Performance Dimension† Using three-performance dimension, which include the customers/ employees’ relationship, the market performance, and the financial performance, the Southwest Airlines has increased its financial performance by creating value through comfort and luxury. This has been achieved by coming up with a viable strategy that provides the â€Å"business class† customers with what they need emotionally: physical evidence (Lovelock Wirz 2007, p. 231). And more so, the knowledge obtained from the customers helps them build a long-term relationship with the employees. However, while all the above are valid environmental factors that continue to create added value for customers, the notion of considering physical attractiveness as prime factor in creating value for the customers fall short of its expectation in as far as marketing performance is c oncerned. This stems from the fact that the strategy does not provide an avenue for measuring added value by comparing its environmental features against its competitors in order to assess its comparative strength. If this prospect is put in place, the Southwest Airlines will not only provide high quality environmental features with low pricing strategy, but also adopt a pricing strategy that the customers are willing to pay for, as creating added value for customers can also be achieved through premium pricing of luxurious environmental features. Service Innovation In the recent past, service innovation has been considered as one of the indispensable functions while creating value for customers. As such, the strategy is able to introduce customers with services that are beyond their expectation. Service innovation, however, cannot be achieved if the firm lacks a proper implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). According to Kotler, Bowen, and Makens (2010, p. 413), t he success rate of innovation in a vast majority of firms has been on a downward trend, especially in the hospitality industry. Thus, assessing service innovation for the Southwest Airlines entails taking into account its three key elements: customer focused, which tries to go beyond the customers’ expectations; processed focused, which tries to increase efficiency as well as productivity of the firm; and continuous improvement, which is a continuous process of providing innovative services to the customers(Lovelock Wirz 2007, p. 237 ). Creating Added value for the Southwest Airlines through Service Innovation It is imperative to mention that the Southwest Airlines operates its business operations by taking into account the dynamic technological trends happening across the globe (Southwest Airlines Co. n.d). Based on findings on incorporating technology with the firm’s services, the Southwest Airlines has already launched a website with a good customer interface, whic h can be accessed quickly and easily. The product categories are clear, the product names are clear, and the site offers a good search for the services provided by the firm (Southwest Airlines Co. n.d). Value creation through this strategy is enhanced by providing the customers with an opportunity to air their views, opinions, and comments concerning the services, as this acts as a customer service center (Knox et al. 2003, p. 123). Communicating through email and interactive social websites ,such as the Facebook and Twitter, create added value as it enhances interactivity between the company and its customers through comments and feedbacks of their comments (Bowie Buttle 2008, p. 34). More so, the customers in the â€Å"business class† are entitled to free wireless internet, audiovisuals, and are provided with catering services that involve high-class technology (Southwest Airlines Co. n.d). For case in point, the food and beverage services take into account the time taken by customers from ordering their food and/ or beverage to the time of service provision. Thus, the company has adopted a technique that limits this time. The customers are thus able to order foodstuffs using computer, which also makes sure that the nutritional value of the food is clearly displayed, thus providing customer value with respect to efficiency and knowledge. Critical Analysis of Service Innovation using ‘Key Elements of Service Innovation† Enhancing customer interaction through the social media depicts that the company is ‘customer focused’ and upholds ‘continuous improvement’ areas. Through this casual relationship, the company creates added value in terms of loyalty. ‘Continuous improvement’ is derived from the fact that websites call for a continuous upgrading in order to provide the customers with updated information. Providing the customers with services that are ordered via internet depicts that the company is â₠¬Å"process focused,† and this creates added value in terms of convenience and time management. Recommendations Physical Evidence Even though the Southwest Airline is able to create added value through the already adopted strategies, I would recommend it to allocate more space on waiting areas, as it has allocated more space for the flight services, leaving the clients with inadequate waiting facilities, including the lounges. Although this is based on grounds that the surface area for the income-generating areas should supersede the waiting areas, it is paramount for the company to create added value by increasing the number of equipments and facilities within the waiting area to avoid views characterized with congestion. Additionally, the waiting areas should display certificates of merit in order to create added value for customers with regard to trust and quality (Bruhn Georgi 2006, p. 144). Service Innovation The services within the â€Å"business class† can be imp roved by making an effort of averting the technological terminologies and giving way to business terminologies. This stems from the fact that adopting business terminologies is paramount since the first step of service innovation entails communicating with the customers using clear terms that would help them communicate with the company in an effective manner (Bowie Buttle 2008, p. 43). This strategy can be achieved by adopting universal language standard, including choice of language during the point of sale systems. More so, creating value for customer at the service innovation entails striving to provide the customers with diverse services that are of the same service category all at once (Kotler, Bowen, Makens 2010, p. 421). This can be facilitated by collecting customers’ information with regard to demand on services, as well as gathering personalized information such as information on the last call from a particular customer. Conclusion Creating value for customers ca nnot be defined without assessing the benefit customers get after they deduct their expenses. The process can be achieved through adopting a viable framework(s) that is in line with the business operations. Using the servicescape model, the Southwest Airline has managed to create value for its customers though a number of dimensions, including the ambient condition, signs and symbols, and engaging the staff as well as the customers in the process. Thus, the Southwest Airlines has been in a position of providing its customers with increased excitement, exclusive environment, as well as high quality values. The service innovation, on the other hand, has facilitated added value creation through innovative products that are in line with the current technological trends. In turn, this has created room for exclusive services, including wireless internet connection in the â€Å"business class,† which has helped to provide the customer with services, which are beyond their expectatio ns. Thus, the service innovation creates room for fun, luxurious experience, trust, and relaxation. And despite the challenges faced by the company, it is, indeed, true that it has managed to create added value for its customer through service innovation models as well as the servicescape model, a value that is beyond their customers’ expectation. List of References Bowie, D. Buttle, F 2008, Customer Relationship Management: Concepts and Tools, Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Bruhn, M. Georgi, D. 2006, Services Marketing – Managing the Service Value Chain, Prentice Hall, Essex UK. Christopher, M., Payne, A., Ballantyne, D. 2002, Relationship Marketing: Creating Stakeholder Value, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Craven, R. 2002, Customer is King: How to Exceed their Expectations, Virgin, London. Dibb, S., Simkin, L., Pride, W., Ferrell, O. 2005. Marketing: Concepts and Strategies (5ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. Grà ¶nroos, C. 2007, Service Management and Marketing: A Customer Relationship Management Approach (3rd ed.), Wiley publishers, Chichester. Knox, S., Maklan, S., Payne, A., Peppard, J., Ryals, L. 2003. Customer Relationship Management: Perspectives from the Market Place, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Kotler, P., Bowen, J., Makens, J. 2010, Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism (5th ed.), Prentice-Hall International, London. Looy, B. Dierdonck, R. 2001, Services management: an integrated approach (2nd ed.), Prentice Hall, London. Lovelock, C. Wirz J. 2007, Services marketing: people, technology, strategy, Prentice Hall. London. McColl-Kennedy, J. 2003, Services Marketing: A Managerial Approach, Wiley, Milton, Qsld. Southwest Airlines Co. n.d., We make it easier. Web.

The Best Research Paper Topics for Writing in College

The Best Research Paper Topics for Writing in College Research Paper Topics for College Students The key to success of each and every research paper is the topic chosen. Frankly speaking, it takes hours to find something worthy on the immense expands of the Internet. That is the truth for both students and professors. Creating a satisfying research paper for college differs a lot from the similar assignments received at high school. Despite the fact that the hands-on experience is of great value, academic writing at college demands more profound knowledge of the subject matter and remarkable analytical skills. Making original yet reasonable conclusions and evaluating the information are the integral parts of the academic writing assignments. If you are puzzled while opting for one of the good research paper topics, consider the following suggestions: Expanding your knowledge on the worldwide experience. The modern advances are a lucrative source of ideas. Flexibility in the writing process. Do not be afraid to change the direction of your research in the middle. Who knows, maybe you will find a more compelling topic. Keep up on the latest trends and news. Analyze the current state of affairs to produce a brilliant writing. The inspiration and ideas for college research paper topics can rise from the conversation with friends, family members, or professors. Opt for something extremely riveting for you and that kindles the spark of interest in the modern society. Remember you need to conduct the research and find sufficient data to support your argument. If you are seeking for top 10 research topics, here they are! Nonetheless, we have divided the best research paper topics into three categories according to their complexity. Find the one, which appeals to you! Easy Research Paper Topics for College Students Police and Body Worn Video: Accountability and Impact The History of Music in Bollywood: Which genre is prevailing? The Arguments for Legitimizing Cannabis in the U.S. The Situations Which Make College Students Life Untenable The Possible Explosion of the Yellowstone Volcano and Its Consequences for the U.S. The Types of Fringe Medicine Spread in the U.S. The Investigation of Energy Power Systems: Construction over the Globe The Biography of Ernest Gaines The Existence of the Xiaki Topic in the Asian Movies The Secrets of Successful Operation of the Multi-Aged Workforce The Social Features of Non-Acceptance of Islamic Notions The Difference between the Attitudes of Russia and the U.S. towards Islam Old-Aged People and Cognitive Development The Conditional Release: Advantages and Burdensome It Brings The Complication of Forced De-Boarding among Airlines Ordinary Research College Topics The Potential Independence of Catalonia: Benefits and Drawbacks Distinctive Features of All Types of Obstructive Lung Diseases The Great Divorce by C. S. Lewis: The Theological Dream Vision of Hell and Heaven Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp: The Controversy How to Accurately Estimate the Health Needs of the Community Mexico Citys Transportation Is Contaminating Air Does the U.S. Health Reform Assist or Block the Healthcare The Soviet Famine of the Early 30s: Roots and Outcomes The Implementation of Diagnostic Ultrasonography in Gynecology How Does the Pre-Election Poll Affect the Election? The Problem of Streaming Live Videos on Facebook (based on real events) Utilization of Radioactive Materials in the U.S. Why Should Muslim Migration Be Curbed? The Obligatory Qualities for Official Duties Performance: American Police Anemia and Cancer: Iron Food Additives Complicated College Research Paper Topics The Marked Characteristics between the Kofun and Asuka Periods (Japan) The Lack of Sleep and Its Aftereffect on the Adult Population The Substance Use Treatment During Pregnancy and Postnatal Period Moores Law: The Myths and the Truth What Impact Did the Copyright Law of the 20th Century Have on the Depiction of Eugenics? The Comparison of the First Two Chapters in Exodus (Old Testament) and Gospel of Matthew (New Testament) Sustained Work-Related Stress of the First responders Kidney Function and Obesity: The Interrelation and Drug Treatment The Developmental Characteristics of Chinese Music Education The Atomic Armament (based on the example of South and North Korea) The Impact of the Sunlight on the Convalescence after an Operation The Legal System of Saudi Arabia: How does it differ from the American one? The Assessment of Students in the Primary School: Pros and Cons The Reduction of Educated People in Puerto Rico As a Result of Emigration Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Assessing the Disease with Regard to Photosensitivity Hopefully, we have saved you time with above-provided research paper topics for college students.

Leadership Pathways - Human resources Assignment

Leadership Pathways - Human resources - Assignment Example Management is a process, which involves coordination of activities within an organization to encourage teamwork through innovative ways to achieve predetermined objectives. However, poor management plays a critical role in degrading efficiency, which translates to irate employees thus, poor overall performance of the organization. Therefore, it is crucial that sound management exist to formulate policies, supervise and provide oversight within the organization for enhanced efficiency, which translates to increased profit margins. In line with the human resource frame illustrated above, I find the school’s dean of students as a key asset within the school setting. This is supported by the character and qualities that he displays, as he is committed and focused on his responsibilities, which he dispenses competently. Thus, the vision and objectives of the institution are effectively overseen and implemented facilitating smooth running of activities. Similarly, the dean is an effective team player encouraging his staff to exercise tolerance and uphold the best of their values, hence keeping them motivated. In addition, the dean is an effective communicator as well as a good listener, which comes in handy during problem solving and relaying new

Geographical Market Area of Life Telecom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Geographical Market Area of Life Telecom - Essay Example We are an avant-garde alternative telecommunications provider with fully converged IP architecture and selective use of wireless technologies as well as an optimized and technologically superior delivery of integrated services of Voice, Internet, Video, Surveillance and many single broadband connections. Telephony, Broadband Internet Connectivity, Advanced IPTV and Video Services, Advanced Communication (video conferencing and live even video streaming) Tele-Surveillance (large, small and medium-sized business, small offices and homes) Broadband Wireless (hotspot Wi-Fi) Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Life Telecom’s competitive advantage is built on the execution of its commitment: dependable delivery of advanced wireless services and breakthrough technological solutions backed by dedicated 24/7 network management support. We are a distinguished company in Bahrain and one of the few worldwide; to optimize the extensive use of IPs for the integrated deployment and management of voice, data, video, and value-added services over wireless networks. With us, no limits can hold you back from realizing your goals and â€Å"make your dreams come true†. The core product of Life Telecom for its initial rollout consists of a list of services including connectivity through the ISP providers. This is referred to as the Infrastructure Business Service. Life Telecom’s products and services are divided into three (3) main categories namely Wireless services, IP services (VPN, VoIP) and ISP related services. In the following phases, once the network is constructed, Life Telecom will introduce business services as a value-added service which can add value to Life Telecom subscribers including Web Applications and Web Consultations, etc.

Dreams and Dreaming Nightmares in Children Essay Example for Free

Dreams and Dreaming Nightmares in Children Essay This literature review will go over cross-cultural research articles which study nightmares in children, particularly what could be the cause of some of the nightmares in children. One article studied the relationship between daytime symptomatology (daily effects) and nightmare frequency in school-aged children (Schredl et al. , 2009). The article set out to find whether social and personal events were causing nightmares in the children, and furthermore wanted to find whether the children’s parents underestimated the frequency of their children’s nightmares (Schredl et al., 2009). To expand on this research, a second article was reviewed which studied the relationship between negative media children are exposed to in their waking life on children’s dreaming life (Schredl et al., 2008). This study sought to find a correlation between high amounts of television watched, computer games played and higher frequency of nightmares (Schredl et al., 2008). As a final further expansion on the research presented, the third article reviewed addressed some of the limitations the previous studied encountered and studied the same hypothesis: exposure to negative media would heighten nightmare frequency in children (Van den Bulck, 2004). The findings from these articles offered information on the frequency of nightmares in children and how that frequency relates to external and internal events. The first article reviewed is of Schredl et al. (2009) which produced a study that examined the relationship between daytime symptomatology and nightmare frequency in school-aged children. The study involved eliciting day time symptoms and nightmare frequency directly from the children, with an age range of eight years to eleven years old. In addition to the children’s information, the researchers collected questionnaires by the parents about their children’s dreaming (Schredl et al., 2009). The researchers hypothesized that the parents would show an underestimation of nightmare frequency (Schredl et al., 2009). Furthermore, the researchers hypothesized that there would be a stronger relationship found between nightmare frequency and daytime triggers in the data from children than in the data from the parents (Schredl et al., 2009). 4,834 parents and 4,531 of their children participated in the study where they completed questionnaires regarding sleep behaviour as well a s social behaviour; the parents answering questions about the children and the children answering about themselves (Schredl et al., 2009). The results of the study found that there is a very clear underestimation of nightmare frequency by parents (Schredl et al., 2009). The ‘often’ category for the frequency of nightmares was chosen fifty percent more often by children than the parents (Schredl et al., 2009). This research found a high correlation between emotional problems and the questionnaire completed on social behaviour by the children showing that children who worry, having anxieties, and feel unhappy have more frequent nightmares (Schredl et al., 2009). Some of the other items from the sleep questionnaire included measures of watching TV prior to bedtime, playing computer games prior to bedtime, and stressors in the family; all of which were not separately discussed in the results or discussion sections. Other researchers set out to find if media could take part in provoking nightmares in children. It is estimated that American children spend six hours and 32 minutes per day engaging in media such as television, movies, computer games, and internet surfing (Schredl et al., 2008). The second study reviewed attempted to answer whether negative or aggressive media has negative effects on children’s dreams (Schredl et al., 2008). The researchers hypothesized that frequent television watching and viewing of violent television, or aggressive computer games have a relation to higher nightmare frequency (Schredl et al., 2008). The participants involved 252 children with an age range of nine to thirteen years who completed questionnaires on dream recall, nightmare frequency and amount of time spent watching TV or playing computer games (Schredl et al., 2008). The original hypothesis was not supported in this study. Results found television viewing behaviour and computer game playing be fore bed was not related to emotional tone of dreams in children (Schredl et al., 2008). Previous studies had found significant correlation between negative dreaming and media use, the next study reviewed tested a similar hypothesis and obtained different findings. The final study review tested the types of content from different medias which appeared in children’s dreams, whether negative or pleasant (Van den Bulck, 2004). The study surveyed 2,546 children ages twelve to eighteen who filled out questionnaires regarding time spent engaged in media programs: television, computer games, movies (Van den Bulck, 2004). This study found that about 25 percent of the lowest age group studied have TV related nightmares monthly; moreover, 10 percent of them have TV related nightmares weekly (Van den Bulck, 2004). The higher age group has significantly less nightmares in general as well as TV related nightmares (Van den Bulck, 2004). In addition to collecting data on negative dreaming, the researchers attempted to get rid of the third variable problem by asking questions abo ut TV related pleasant dreams and surprisingly found that about 60 percent of the youngest age group in the study reported having pleasant dreams related to TV viewing (Van den Bulck, 2004). In addition to these findings, the researcher’s data showed that 50 percent of the oldest age group in the study reported never having pleasant dreams related to the TV content (Van den Bulck, 2004). Finally, the research shows that there was a small but significant relationship between preferences for certain types of TV content and both pleasant and unpleasant dreams; it appears that violent content in TV is not directly related to nightmares, and other media types induce nightmares as well (Van den Bulck, 2004). So, the Van den Bulck (2004) study seemed to rule out some of the problems of the previous study had with proving their hypotheses which is important for future research on this subject. Schredl et al. (2009) found that parents underestimate the frequency of their children’s nightmares and children who identify having emotional difficulties experience significantly higher sleeping problems including nightmares. Schredl et al. (2008) were unable to prove their hypothesis that the more media children are exposed to, the more nightmares they will experience. And finally, the research of Van den Bulck (2004) exposed that media exposure correlates to both pleasant dreams and nightmares in children, most strongly at younger ages than older. In order to conclude this literature review, limitations of the studies discussed and directions for future research must be identified. The first article reviewed addressed some limitations which included the potential that the child might overestimate their nightmare frequency if they mistake nightmares for night terrors, which the parents may let them know they are having (Schredl et al., 2009). Another reason the child could overestimate nightmare frequency would be if they had recently experienced a very vivid haunting nightmare before completing the questionnaire which could make them feel a heightened sensitivity to negative dreaming life (Schredl et al., 2009). For future research in order to expand on this study, it is recommended that researchers look deeper into parent and child ratings regarding occurrence of nightmares, as well as use more sophisticated measurements for child nightmare estimates as they could be easily subject to third variable problems and be biased or deficient (Schredl et al., 2009). The second article reviewed was not without its’ limitations as well. One of the most prominent limitations was the lack of strongly violent or disturbing television that was noted throughout the majority of the sample, the researchers felt as though not very many of the individuals has been exposed to very violent media (Schredl et al., 2008). So, for future research, a study should include films and games that children would not regularly be exposed to, those which would be deemed violent and aggressive (Schredl et al., 2008). The next study should also be a longitudinal study that can score media use habits and the occurrence of nightmares using self-rate scales as well as parental information regarding their children’s sleeping habits (Schredl et al., 2008). This would also be important to take on personality measures to determine that affect on relationships between media use and nightmare occurrences (Schredl et al., 2008). The final article noted that game and television related nightmares do not necessarily stem from violent and aggressive media, and it can actually derive itself out of any type of media, so future studies should not be limited to violent content (Van den Bulck, 2004). Another direction for future research would be to delve deeper into the study of children’s severity of nightmares, effect on sleeping habits, and variation in nightmares (Van den Bulck, 2004). This study represents data that media continues to occupy children’ References Custers, K., Van den Bulck, J. (2012). Fear effects by the media. Eur J Pediatr, 171, 613-616. Schredl, M., Anders, A., Hellriegel, S., Rehm, A. (2008). TV viewing, computer game playing and nightmares in school children. Dreaming, 18(2,69-76. Schredl, M., Fricke-Oerkermann, L., Mitschke, A., Wiater, A., Lehmkuhl, G. (2009). Factors affecting nightmares in children: parents’ vs. children’s ratings. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 18, 20-25. Van den Bulck, J. (2004). Media use and dreaming: the relationship among television viewing, computer game play, and nightmares or pleasant dreams. Dreaming, 14, 43-49.

George Orwell Biography :: essays research papers

Eric Arthur Blair was born on June 25, 1903 and from the start, he was a very pragmatic boy. born in India from a family that was considered upper class, he was able to observe plenty of poverty around him and the way the British enforced Imperialism on the Indians. At a young age his mother and two sisters moved back to England in seek of a quieter life. Blair was always good at school and earned a scholarship to Eton College, a prestigious British School. After his studies, his family could not afford a University so he went back to India to become part of the Indian Imperial Police. He had bad experiences as a policeman and he grew to hate Imperialism so he moved back to England in hope of becoming a freelance writer. It was in this period that he adopted the Pen name George Orwell, no one really knows why he changed his name. In December 1936 he grew tired of writing and decided to spice up his life by joining the Spanish Civil war as a militia man. In this war he joined the rebe ls and fought hard against the Spanish communist government but unfortunately got shot in the neck and grew a strong hatred for the communist government and turned Anti- Stalin. All these experiences had serious impact on his life and changed his idea of belief. While in the Indian Imperial Police he saw the harsh true reality of Imperialism so he became anti- Imperialist. While fighting In spain, his grim experiences led to him hating communism and Stalin. Orwell’s response to the British Occupation of India led to the novel Burmese days, a book about denouncing Imperialism. In response to Orwell’s experiences of communism and, he wrote the book Animal Farm which is an allegory to the events of the Russian Revolution In which the working animals are poor and the leaders are pigs who gloat in vanity.

How to Be a Porn Star

We might all watch porn, but wanting to star in it is a different story — for some of us at least. While the majority of the porn-watching population would rather keep their â€Å"sexploits† hidden between the sheets, there are the rare few who want to share their unclothed talents with the world. And this fantasy isn’t so hard to achieve, thanks to the advice of porn stars Ashlynn Brooke and Shane Diesel who tell all you aspiring â€Å"performers† everything you need to know about how to audition for a porn and get your foot (amongst other things) in the door. AppearanceWhat kind of shape do you have to be in to audition for porn? Ashlynn: Fortunately, being that sex is the most natural thing in the world and everyone enjoys it, this also means that people are naturally attracted to all different body shapes, sizes, etc. I think as long as you love your body and take care of yourself, there's a certain amount of confidence and sexuality that shows through , and that will set you up for success. Be confident in your own skin! Shane: For a male it's better to be fit, athletic and well-groomed; if you look like you're fit, you most likely exercise.This carries over into your performance as far as endurance and stamina go; you don't have to look like a bodybuilder, you just need to posses a nice, fit package no matter what age you are. Performance Are you expected to perform on the spot when you audition for a porn? If so, are you expected to demonstrate the stamina/skills of a seasoned performer? Ashlynn: Yes, you’re expected to put forth a performance. Although the sex will be enjoyable, and everyone will have a great time, it isn't â€Å"home sex. † There is a level of professionalism and eroticism needed to make the scene a good one.Shane: Yes! If you have the nerves to try to be in the adult biz, then you should be able to perform like a seasoned vet. Sure, it takes time to learn everything, but you have to remember yo u have a whole crew that's depending on you. Whatever the director orders you to do, try your best to give him or her as much time and open positions as they want in order to have a great scene. Are performance supplements accepted in the industry? Ashlynn: Most of the time, supplements aren't needed. Being that I'm a girl, I definitely never use them.However, there are times when the situation isn't exactly ideal for the performers (i. e. , a scene in the desert that starts at 4 p. m. when the temperature is a smothering 95 degrees†¦ and it’s lasting until 9 p. m. when the temperature has dropped to 40 degrees). To sum it up, they're not very common, but aren't looked down upon. Shane: Supplements — yes, such as yohimbe, vitamin E, amino acids, ginseng, L-arginine, and saw palmetto. That’s a few, but there are many others that work well for other performers.If you are talking about Viagra or Cialis, then that’s something that’s not encouraged on sets, but if you need them, then you take them at your own risk and it's not provided for you. Audition Tips Ron Jeremy told us that a man's only hope of getting past the audition phase is to go with a girl. Is this true? Ashlynn: That is actually true to an extent. It's very helpful if the guy is requested by a girl/girls. It's a really good way for them to learn the way of the set, and it helps if they know the girl, making it a much easier experience for the â€Å"break† into the business.Shane: That’s pretty much true; he is dead-on about that. She's your way in the door and your comfort zone. If she is your girlfriend, then you are more comfortable working with her, plus she knows the right buttons to push to take you over the top and she will help you keep that edge. It looks great walking into any room with a hot chick on your arm. Shane and Ashlynn keep dishing on how to audition for a porn†¦ Next Page >> AskMen's Free Weekly Newsletter VIDEOS YOU MIGH T LIKE Get Six-Pack Abs With No Crunches Ben Wheatley's Tips For Cracking The F†¦ Promoted Put Some Clothes On Tha†¦ Madame NoirePromoted 30 Of The Hottest Female Athlete†¦ Rant Sports < |12| > by Taboola 67 BY ASHLYNN BROOKE & SHANE DIESEL Ashlynn Brooke & Shane Diesel LIFESTYLE CORRESPONDENTS LICENSE THIS ARTICLE Share Email Print RSS Pages: 1 2 GUYS WHO READ THIS ALSO READ Highest Paying Jobs In The U. S. (AskMen) Porno Industry (AskMen) You Need To Relax (AskMen) Promoted How to Make a Career Change Without Starting Over (Levo League) Promoted P&O Cruises' Spectacular Entertainment Both Aboard†¦ (P Cruises) [? ] HAVE YOUR SAY Read more: http://uk. askmen. com/money/how_to_400/436_how_to. html#ixzz2DdGAUGXU

Alvar Alto Design Theory Paimio Sanatorium

The figurehead of modernism and leader of bringing architecture back to the human scale that once was, Alvar Aalto is now an architectural inspiration to us all. Aalto did not use his architecture as a learning tool but more as a gesture toward the emotional and physical needs of man. His architecture was meant to enrich the lives of those it served. Aalto focused on context in site in relation to the human body. Forms, light and shadow were inspired by the Finnish forests Aalto grew up near.When he was a child he made drawings of the landscape that influenced his later built projects in their relationships to horizons and vertical connections, sections and ground plan. He brought us buildings that involved form, light, and color, along with many other attributes all over the world including the Viipuri Library, the Paimio Sanatorium, and even Mt. Angel Library here in Oregon. Functional Room Functional Design The rooms in the patients' wing are arranged on the north side of the corr idor.By siting the rooms on one side only, Aalto was able to bring natural light into the corridor and give the patients the feeling that they were in control of the space. Aalto studied the angle of the sunlight in conjunction with the heating system. Sun blinds were fixed outside the windows to cut down solar gain. The whole building was designed in every aspect to make the patients confinement tolerable and to assist in their healing. Their room's were designed with a horizontal person in mind.The source of heat comes down from the ceiling, one wall was lined in absorbent insulation to make acoustics more restful, and the window frames in the rooms were timber to reduce condensation and be warmer to touch. the washbasins were designed to run silently and had to be hygienic and easy to clean (unsuccessfully in practice). The pipe work was concealed in the walls, whereas prior to this pipes were usually surface-fixed. Aalto had his own ideas about the ceilings for example. The ceil ing of the room should be the colour of the sky,† The lighting came from a wall mounted uplighter out of the patients sight where it was diffused throughout the room. Since the ceiling was painted in darker tones, the ceiling area reflecting the light had to be painted a lighter one. The door handles were created with as much methodical attention to detail. They were designed so coat sleeves or pockets couldn't get caught and they had rounded edges in case patients should happen to knock into them. Rose cellar In the Sanatorium death was an everyday reality, so naturally there was a mortuary on the site.The Rose Cellar, as the mortyary was called, disappeared into the terrain and took its name from the roses covering the mound of earth in front of it; only the holes drilled into the wooden door in the form of a cross gave a clue as to the use of the building. The mortuary is a light, whitewashed concrete vault lit by a roof light. A black-painted wooden catafalque rests on the brick-red floor and the partition that divides the curved vault has an abstract painting by Aalto and the Turku artist Eino Kauria. Viper hall The nurses' home, known as the ‘hall of vipers', was designed and built in 1060-63.It is a two-storey, four-part building, with each part joined to the next by an drawn-in linking element. It departs from Aalto's 1930s buildings mainly in that, instead of a flat roof, it has a pitched roof and the detailing does not focus nearly as much on metal. The name is derived from the fact that the building wriggles gently across the terrain. Stairs Tuberculosis was treated with fresh air, so that sun beds suitable for external use were needed. They emerged as the result of some specialist design work, as did the ‘winter sleeping bags' made of sheepskin that were part of the sun beds.The whole interior of the building is pervaded by health giving light, most powerfully in the stair cases, where sun spills down huge areas of glazing. Where the effort of climbing was incorporated as part of the healing process. Tree section Aalto believed that â€Å"the health of every person depends to a great extent on his submission to the conditions of nature† This came from the fact that medicine was not advanced enough to heal alone, so healing came from being take out of the crowded, disease infested cities where the sun, space and breeze of the country would help heal.The flat finnish landscape made a stepped section unsuitable, the roof terrace is then used for treatment for summer and winter alike stretching the entire length of the patient ward, where the healthier patients could go and take in the spectacular views across the vast forest, each sun-deck beneath was cantilevered to take in the sunshine, like the branches of a tree. Organism for Healing The health of every person depends a great extent on his submission to the condition of nature.The outer buildings are module starting with the head physicians house the y grow and multiply like they are a dividing organism until you get to the patients ward and the rooms are almost exponential in comparison. The building is designed to be a organism for healing, each room is catered to the patient with the use of sun, greenery, and space it helps them in their healing process. Forest The Patients rooms looked out over an unhabited forest which is visually brought into the building as posts, vertical lines, windows and columns.The pine forest was a powerful source of healing and hope for the finish patients, it is also therapeutic to the community who's collective soul deeply embraces the protective wood's and tree's. It is hard to imagine the impact the sanatorium must have had on patients. The dedication to serving their needs manifested in every detail and the optimistic uplifteing quality of it's light filled spaces. Symmetry as parts (medical and proper man) vs. Asymmetry as a whole (natural and living) The plan of the building is laid out in d ifferent sections.Each section is symmetric or on a central axis. The building as a whole does not have a central axis but is asymmetrically in balance. Sort of like a human body that is being treated for a certain condition. The focus is put on parts of the physical body, but as a whole the body makes up a person or a human being. Technology is manmade – human creating a function from natural sources Aalto liked to use materials in their natural state in his buildings. He also liked to take advantage of how modern technology could assist the daily needs of the people in his buildings.In the Sanitarium, he created manmade elements made from elements close to their natural state as a gesture towards to needs of the patients, doctors, and nurses using the spaces. Plasticity and Fluidity (like natures organic forms) Throughout the Paimio Sanitarium, certain spaces have a plastic form that is almost like a landmark in that area of the building. These forms seem to mimic the organ ic forms that can be found in nature like the curve of the terrain on the hill, or the edge of the tree creating a fluid line that separates its branches from the sky.They are found in the central stair of the tower and the overhang above the entrance to the building. Facing the Sun During this time there were not any antibiotics or specific medicines for the treatment of tuberculosis. The best treatment for the condition was dry climate, greenery, fresh, clean air, and a lot of sun. With having a south facing slope it makes sense to position the patients' rooms and the roof terrace to face the sun. A Landscape representing time – modern, ancient, and current. This picture really represents a lot of different times in the culture of the area.The pastures and fields in the foreground represent the current lives of the citizens of Paimio – they are healthy, providing resources and going about their daily lives. In the middle ground there is the forest- it is natural grow th and holds a sort of history in the culture of the people. Then, rising above it all is the Sanitarium – a modern piece of architecture at the time that still stands as a landmark. Architecturally, it was a glimpse into what would be in the future and functionally it was a humble reminder of the hard times.Conclusion. The solution Aalto created for solving the needs of people to fit in with their comfortable natural state while gaining the positive effects of the industrialization at the time was to give people the creative freedom to make their spaces unique to themselves and their needs. He wanted people to remember their individualism. Finding the potential value in humans and emphasizing their common needs became Aalto's main purpose in architecture in his later years. This can be seen in his public buildings as well as in his churches and houses.Aalto believed that people should live a democratic and individualistic lifestyle. He called for the humanization of all thin gs including his architecture. It was important to address how humans move and travel through space and also how they inhabit it. The needs of the user were considered. In all of his projects, Aalto stressed meaning of the project to the client as well as to himself. He looked at the perspectives of the users and found ways to enhance those perspectives, for example the chairs in the Sanatorium were designed to make it easier for the patients to breathe.His architecture was meant to enrich the lives of those it served. In the Paimio Sanitarium in particular, Aalto's attention to psychological spaces enhancing the quality of life for the users, relation to the other buildings in the area, having a form that follows the function, and specific detail in the technical equipment made it all come together to create a well designed approach to the site and the people that dwell within it in a beautiful piece of modern architecture.

Military Grave Markers and Tombstones

Military Grave Markers and Tombstones For many, the first introduction to an ancestors military service is at the cemetery when they discover a flag or military marker next to their ancestors grave, or an unknown acronym or image carved on the stone. Common Military Abbreviations United States - Military Abbreviations - Ranks, Units AwardsAustralia - Military Abbreviations TerminologyCanada - Military Abbreviations, Terms and MeaningsGermany - Glossary of Germany military terms and abbreviations Tombstone Symbols May Indicate Military Service Flag - liberty and loyalty. Often seen on military markers.Stars Stripes around an Eagle - Eternal vigilance and liberty. Often seen on U.S. military markers.Sword - often indicates military service. When found on the base of the stone might indicate infantry.Crossed swords - May indicate a military person of high rank or a life lost in battle.Horse - May indicate calvalry.Eagle - courage, faith and generosity. May indicate military service.Shield - Strength and courage. May indicate military service.Rifle - often indicates military service.Cannon - generally indicates military service. When found on the base of the stone it may indicate artillery. Acronyms for Military Groups Veterans Organizations CSA - Confederate States of AmericaDAR - Daughters of the American RevolutionGAR - Grand Army of the RepublicSAR - Sons of the American RevolutionSCV - Sons of Confederate VeteransSSAWV - Sons of Spanish American War VeteransUDC - United Daughters of the ConfederacyUSD 1812 - Daughters of the War of 1812USWV - United Spanish War VeteransVFW - Veterans of Foreign Wars

The Truth Behind the Alien Reptile Hoax

The Truth Behind the Alien Reptile Hoax In 1990, a former British soccer player named David Icke began sharing his psychic visions with the world. According to Icke, our planet is secretly being controlled by a race of humanoid reptiles from the Alpha Draconis star system, 300 light years away. Not only do these reptoids or reptilians live underground beneath the earths major cities, Icke contends, but they drink human blood and have the ability to shape-shift. Sadly, most of the worlds leaders have already been co-opted by these evil reptiles; Icke and his followers believe that former president George W. Bush and Queen Elizabeth II are both reptoids in disguise. Of course, Icke isnt the first person in history to ascribe supernatural powers to reptiles. Snake- and crocodile-like gods are common in ancient mythology, and there were some notable pop-culture reptilian references that preceded Icke (and may, in fact, have directly influenced his philosophy). In 1983, the hugely successful TV miniseries V featured an invasion by conniving alien reptiles disguised as humanoids. After Icke appeared on the scene, the most famous fictional reptilian is arguably the snake-like Voldemort from the Harry Potter books; however, theres no evidence that J.K. Rowling even knows who David Icke is. Are Reptoids Really Intelligent Dinosaurs? Its unclear whether or not Icke believes that his alien reptoids descended from, or were somehow responsible for, the dinosaurs that roamed the earth until 65 million years ago. However, bizarre conspiracy theories have a way of rapidly mutating, and the Icke cult has spawned a subset of enthusiasts who believe that dinosaurs didnt, in fact, go extinct, but evolved into super-intelligent reptoids- so super-intelligent, in fact, that theyve managed to evade detection to this day, except (perhaps) by ex-footballers prone to psychic visions. These conspiracy theorists have received an unintentional boost from North Carolina State paleontologist Dale Russell, who in 1982 published a paper speculating about what might have become of the dinosaur Troodon had the K/T Extinction not happened. Since Troodon was an uncommonly intelligent dinosaur, Russell surmised, its uninterrupted evolutionary arc might have resulted, tens of millions of years later, in a race of super-intelligent, humanoid reptilians. One common attribute of conspiracy theorists (not to mention religious fundamentalists and disbelievers in the theory of evolution) is to take the speculations of reputable scientists as established, carved-in-stone fact. Today, most adherents of the reptoid cult cite Russells paper as proving the existence of humanoid reptiles, and many uninformed readers have helped spread the word. Russell himself, of course, meant no such thing, and is doubtless embarrassed by the cult he unintentionally fueled with his research. Are Humanoid Reptiles a Scientific Possibility? Despite what Icke and other conspiracy theorists claim, theres absolutely no proof that a race of super-intelligent reptoids (or Martians, or swamp monsters) lurk beneath the sewers of Paris, New York, and Beijing. There is also no evidence that the earth has ever been visited by flying saucers or that reptilian aliens have tinkered with human DNA, or that Queen Elizabeth II is a lizard in disguise (though some Icke cultists claim to have seen a second eyelid flickering across her pupils, if you look really closely at slowed-down news footage). But is it possible that an isolated population of meat-eating dinosaurs (Troodon, or some other genus) managed to survive the K/T Extinction, and persist to this day on some remote island or in the middle of a dense rain forest? The odds are vanishingly small, but not zero. However, the chances are even more remote for a scenario in which these dinosaurs have evolved into super-intelligent beings, which would require (among other things) a huge increase in their population, making detection by (and competition with) contemporary human beings a certainty. The fact is that reptoids, reptilians, or whatever you want to call them simply dont exist, despite what David Icke and his followers claim.

The Lloyds Building of London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Lloyds Building of London - Essay Example These features are made to represent and replace decorative elements for the outer faà §ade. The focus on the mechanical elements is a distinguishing feature of the Modernist movement while its recognition that everything is in a constant state of change, requiring the ability to quickly change out parts, is a characteristic of the Postmodern. Located in the center of London’s financial district and originally intended to serve as headquarters for a large insurance firm, the context of the structure again emphasizes Modern ideals with its focus on monetary, capitalistic values. Yet its design functions to make the building highly flexible, quickly and easily converted into any number of different uses and ready for the addition of any newly developed technology, such as fiber optic internet which wasn’t developed until well after completion, placing it again within the realm of the Postmodern. It is only through a very close examination of the building that one can det ermine the structure is actually more Modern than Postmodern even though it reflects the major attitudes and emphasis of each era. Modern ideas suggest that everything important to human life can be categorically classified into specific categories and definitions. â€Å"Modernity is a project, and not only a period, and it is, or was, a project of control, the rational mastery over nature, the planning, designing and plotting which led and technocracy† (Beilharz, 2001: 6). The basic ideas of Modernism were to analyze the various processes that comprised human existence in the mechanized and standardized world to discover the universal truths that could then be applied to all cultures. Clean lines and clear boundaries were expected to be found that would then be canonized and applied throughout the world as a means of developing a perfect global civilization.

Management strategy of Apple Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management strategy of Apple - Case Study Example This research will begin with the presentation of the threat of new entrants. Even though there are great opportunities for emerging companies to compete in the personal computer industry, it is controlled by the five super powers; Apple, Sony, HP, Dell, and Gateway. Hence, Apple plays in an oligopolistic market environment. Probably, the significant challenge to the industry would be a large number of mergers and buyouts prevailing among these industrial movers. They are able to bring together their cost on research and development in order to gain an advantage over others. This process leads to greater competition between the smaller organizations which try to create superior products and bigger companies which generally take up the smaller ones to develop their competitive edge. Implementation of anti-trust agreements within the computer industry does not allow imposters to introduce products of similar types into the market, and so the threat of substitute products and services i s not significant within the industry. On the other hand, the issue that creates a greater threat is the global production of computers. Today, the United States of America is the leader in producing computers in the industry with Japan and Europe as the other key players in the industry. Unlike the other industries where suppliers hold a power over the manufacturers, the computer industry allows the manufacturers to hold a significant amount of power over suppliers. Here the suppliers are competitive in order to maintain exclusive association with the manufactures for supplying their products. And so, they are always forced to adjust their prices or associate with larger firms for surviving the competition. 4. The threat of the bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers determines the effect that a company’s customers can have on the profitability of the business. Even though the computer industry is getting harder day by day, customers do not possess a greater bargaining power, and hence that does not drastically impact the industry. 5. Industry Rivalry When observing the computer industry with regard to the industry rivalry, it is found that the above said five leading manufacturers are in competition to bring out the most efficient and least expensive machines. Strategic Group Mapping Firms belonging to same strategic group will be having two or more competitive characteristics in common, like selling in same price/quality range, covering same geographic areas, being vertically integrated to same degree, having comparable product line breadth, etc. Obviously, as Huff, Floyd, Sherman and Terjesen (cited in executivemanagementskills.com) point out, firms operating under the same strategic group may possess some common competitive features such as pricing policies, product diversification, and level of vertical integration. Following is the strategic group map for the computer industry (see figure 1). Strategic Group Map (Figure 1. Source: Bamford and West, 123). 2. Apple’s Strategy Apple uses a corporate-level of strategy of competing on many different levels. As Boddie states, Apple follows a comprehensive corporate level strategy through which it competes on different levels.