Bubbles Up: a Science Experiment on Density Essay

Density is the measure of the quantity of some physical property usu each(prenominal)y mass per unit length, ara, or volume (YourDictionary.com). How does temperature affect tautness? Do items be develop denser after being frozen? It is advantageously known that water becomes denser when its temperature lowers until its freezing point. Does this principle put through to fossil embrocate and if so, which kinds? This question easily applies to real world problems. For example, when in that respect is an crude crude fossil crude oil spill in the ocean, the impertinent up crews get to know how dense the oil is before simply cleaning it up.If the oil is dense enough that only truly small amounts are rising to the surface, the clean-up team will have to come up with a deep cleaning plan that wont harm marine wildlife. On a more everyday level, netherstanding how sealed car oils are affected by weather, thereby affecting their assiduity, is necessary to keep angiotensin-c onverting enzymes car running adequately without leaving libelous residue behind in the mechanics.For this taste, I will be testing the density of three various kinds of oil olive oil, mineral oil, and Wilberts corn oil. I will test the oils density before and after being placed in the freezer to see if there is a noticeable remainder in the density of the oil. I predict that all of the oils featured in this essay will be more dense after sitting in the freezer for an hour. I came up with this possibility after reviewing other density related science experiments. What further assisted in the making of this hypothesis was the recalling of the circumstance that butts with lower temperatures (such as air or water) become denser.Two experiments that I found to be quite identical to this star were the Density Column and the breathe Lava Lamp. The Density Column measures the density of seven different liquid states by layering them on top of each other. By doing this experimen t, genius is able to find out which liquid is the most dense with the order ascending from there. ground on the results, they found that not all oils are the equivalent density. Vege remit oil came in twenty percent from the bottom of the tower lamp oil was the seventh and last layer in the column (Spangler, 2012). In the Bubbling Lava Lamp experiment, the fact that water is denser than vegetable oil was interpreted advantage of.Using an Alka-Seltzertablet, the formed carbon monoxide bubbles that pushed the water up and through the vegetable oil. What happened thereafter is that the Alka-Seltzer bubbles would pop and the colored water would sink back stamp out to the bottom of the container through the oil (Spangler). Regardless of penetration, the both liquids did not mix. While temperature was not a key factor in either experiment, they did show that the liquids differing in densities would not mix despite what was happening to them or just about them and that is important for this experiment. In order for Bubbles Up to work properly, the oils cannot mix with the water they are vagabond on top of no matter what happens.To conduct the science experiment, I used the following items(3) 12 ounce shapefuls(1) marble(1) dime(1) pennya pitcher of watera bottle of olive oila bottle of mineral oila bottle of Wilberts stinker oilblue viands coloringa freezera timepiecea measuring forma smooch or a equalize of tongs to retrieve the objects from inside the transfuses soap and water solution to clean the objects offpaper towelthermometer In the experiment Bubbles Up, the observer will inclination various objects into each of the three cups and record how more bubbles of oil they observe. While the results may vary slightly from mine, it may be because of ambient temperature of the room they are working in. This design plan was chosen because timing how fast an object fell to the bottom of the cup isimpossible without computer assistance. However, rec koning how many bubbles of oil occur within the water is a good measure of how dense the oil is because of it being light enough to go along with the object.The reasoning behind this experimental design in foothold of whether or not the density of oil changes with a change in temperature was a matter of working with limited resources. I have not found any other experiment using this method to test density but there is a similar experiment for testing viscosity. In The Viscosity of Motor Oil, a marble was dropped through a a graduated cylinder of motor oil three different times. Each time, the motor oil was a different temperature. Density, volume, and velocity were used as variables to solve for viscosity (Ani, 2011).To begin, inured up your work station. Mix the food coloring with the mineral oil. Fill each cup with four ounces of water. Then, fill one cup with six ounces of olive oil. Wash out the measuring cup accordingly fill a different cup of water with six ounces of mine ral oil. Wash out the measuring cup again. Fill the last cup of water with six ounces of Wilberts lemon oil. At this point, you should have three cups all of which have a different color oil freewheeling on water. Set up the rest of your materials so that are out of the way, but within easy reach. Set up your selective information table (see table below). save to Experiment 1.Part 1 grade 1 Pick up a marble and drop it from the rim of the olive oil cup. Record how many bubbles of oil float upwards from the bottom. Carefully absent the marble with a withdraw or tongs and wash it off with soap and water. reiterate this measurement with the dime and penny, making sure to remove each object and washing it off before moving on to the next object. Step 2 Repeat step one exactly for the mineral oil cup and lemon oil cup. Step 3 After ensuring you have recorded all data and serve all objects clean, proceed to Experiment 2.Part 2Step 1 Place all three cups containing oil in the fr eezer. Set the timer for one hour. Step 2 After one hour has passed, conservatively remove the cupsfrom the freezer, one by one, making sure to not shake them. Step 3 Repeat Part 1. Do not skip any steps.Step 4 After ensuring that you have recorded all data, carefully clean up. Have an adult assist in the disposal of the oil water mixtures if you are under 18 years of age.You will observe how many bubbles float up through the water after displace an object in, one at a time. Do this with one object, one cup at a time to retrieve accurate results. Remove the previous object before dropping the next one in (ie. drop in the marble, record the data, remove the marble, drop in the dime, record the data, remove the dime, drop in the penny, record the data, remove the penny, go to the next cup and repeat). The data table should be set up in this mannerImage Not Included I first recorded my data on paper with a pencil, hence re-typed it on the computer. I imply doing this so that th ere isnt a possibility of damaging your electronic devices. The independent variables of this experiment are the oils. They will be tested in cardinal differing temperature conditions. The dependent variables are the descend of bubbles observed after dropping the objects into the cups. The payoff of bubbles should differ based on being a difference in the density of the oils after their temperature decrease. The control variables are the objects being dropped into the cups. They are constant and do not change in composition in any manner.While there are ways to ruin the validity of this experiment, I have taken steps to reduce and/ or completely cancel out threats to validity. The objects are all dropped from the rim of the cup to ensure that there are no variations in height from which they are dropped. Should there be a variation in height, that could very well affect the calculate of bubbles produced. All of the cups have four ounces of water in them so that there is the sam e amount of space for the bubbles to be observed within in each cup. All objects are washed off before being used again to avoid the oils mixingtogether. All objects are reused for each cup so that there isnt a variation in weight of the marble, dime, and penny.A variation in weight could affect the occur of bubbles produced. When the cups were placed in the freezer, they are all placed on the same shelf in a row going side to side. By doing this, I have reduced the chances of any cup being in a section of the freezer that was cooler or warmer than another section. Lastly, I have made it a point to record the data immediately after observation so the chances of forgetting are practically impossible. With those steps taken, the validity of Bubbles Up has been ensured.I began the experiment by mixing the food coloring and mineral oil together. I indeed fill each cup with four ounces of water.. Then, I filled one cup with six ounces of olive oil washed out the measuring cup and repea ted this action with the mineral oil and Wilberts lemon oil. I carefully laid out the rest of my materials so that they were within easy reach, but out of the way of my work space. Lastly, I set up the data table so that I could easily write experience my observations. I began by picking up the marble and holding it to the rim of the cup of olive oil.I proceeded to drop it in and counted the fleck of bubbles of oil that appeared. I then wrote down the number in the date table. I then carefully removed the marble with a spoon and washed the two items off. I then picked up the penny and held it to the rim of the same cup and dropped it in. I counted the number of bubbles and wrote down the data into the table. I then removed the penny with the spoon and washed both off. Lastly, I picked up the dime and and held it to the rim of the olive oil cup before carefully dropping it into the cup. I then counted how many bubbles came up and wrote the number down. After removing the dime with the spoon, I washed the dime and spoon off.I then moved on to the cup of mineral oil. Starting with the marble first again, I held it to the rim of the cup and dropped it in to the cup. After counting how many bubbles appeared, I wrote the number down. I then removed the marble with the spoon and washed them off. Then, I moved on to the penny and held it to the rim of the cup and dropped it in. I wrote down the number of bubbles I observed after dropping the penny in. The penny was then removed with a spoon and both were washed off. Last came the dime to bedropped in from the rim of the cup. Post-observation of the bubbles, I wrote the number I had seen. Before going on to the last cup, I removed the dime from the cup with the spoon and washed them off. twist my attention to the cup of Wilberts lemon oil, I picked up the marble and dropped it in from the rim of the cup. Counting the number of bubbles, I wrote how many I observed. Carefully, I removed the marble from the cup with the spoon and washed the two items off. Then the penny was dropped in from the rim and the number of bubbles was counted. The data was collected and written down into the table. The penny was removed with the spoon and the two items were washed off. Lastly, the dime was dropped into the cup from the rim and the number of bubbles that appeared was counted that number was then written down into the table.Before concluding this half of the experiment, the dime was removed with the spoon and the two were washed off. At this point, the three cups were carefully transported to the freezer one by one. They were each placed on the second to top shelf about halfway from the back of the freezer. The three of the cups covered the length of the freezer from one side to the other (this was done in a two door refrigerator where the freezer and refrigerator stand next to each other rather of one top of the other). I then set the timer for one hour and after that hour I removed the cups from the free zer and took their temperatures. They were all the same temperature 43 F. I then placed the cups down on the table in the order theyd been in before (from left to right) olive oil, mineral oil, Wilberts lemon oil.I restarted the experiment by picking up the marble and holding it to the rim of the cup of olive oil. I proceeded to drop it in and counted the number of bubbles of oil that appeared. I then wrote down the number in the date table. I then carefully removed the marble with a spoon and washed the two items off. I then picked up the penny and held it to the rim of the same cup and dropped it in. I counted the number of bubbles and wrote down the data into the table. I then removed the penny with the spoon and washed both off. Lastly, I picked up the dime and and held it to the rim of the olive oil cup before carefully dropping it into the cup. I then counted how many bubbles came up and wrote the number down. After removing the dime with the spoon, Iwashed the dime and spoon off.I then moved on to the cup of mineral oil. Starting with the marble first again, I held it to the rim of the cup and dropped it in to the cup. After counting how many bubbles appeared, I wrote the number down. I then removed the marble with the spoon and washed them off. Then, I moved on to the penny and held it to the rim of the cup and dropped it in. I wrote down the number of bubbles I observed after dropping the penny in. The penny was then removed with a spoon and both were washed off. Last came the dime to be dropped in from the rim of the cup. Post-observation of the bubbles, I wrote the number I had seen. Before going on to the last cup, I removed the dime from the cup with the spoon and washed them off.Turning my attention to the cup of Wilberts lemon oil, I picked up the marble and dropped it in from the rim of the cup. Counting the number of bubbles, I wrote how many I observed. Carefully, I removed the marble from the cup with the spoon and washed the two items off. Then the penny was dropped in from the rim and the number of bubbles was counted. The data was collected and written down into the table. The penny was removed with the spoon and the two items were washed off. Lastly, the dime was dropped into the cup from the rim and the number of bubbles that appeared was counted that number was then written down into the table. I then removed the dime and washed it and the spoon off. I then disposed of the oils by dumping them out into my back yard except the lemon oil. I flushed that down the toilet. After cleaning up my work space, I immediately set to digitizing my data table. Please refer to the attached charts for the data table and graphs.The method used to to run this experiment was counting bubbles instead of timing how fast the objects fell through the oil. The reason I did not time the objects fall was because it was far less than a second for each of them. However, the bubbles were a visible observation and did prove to change with t he change of the oils temperature and density. Because the oil was denser, it stuck more to each object as they fell through and thus produced more oil bubbles in the water. Therefore, the question as to whether or not oil became denser when cooled was answered quite fully.Before freezing the oil, the number of bubbles per oil per object were pretty close in range considering the marble was the heaviest object and the dime was the lightest. It was also taken into consideration that unlike the marble, the two coins could produce only slightly more oil bubbles by flipping as they fell through the oil and water. Throughout the experiment, the coins didnt flip more than one full rotation at any given time. The number of bubbles for the olive oil in order from heaviest to lightest object was 6, 7, and 4 giving an average of 5.6 bubbles. The number of bubbles for the mineral oil was 6, 5, and 3 providing an average of 4.3 bubbles. The number of bubbles for the Wilberts lemon oil was 10, 1 0, and 9 with a mean of 9.6 bubbles. If you refer to the chart, youll see that I didnt add the averages to the chart or graph. My reason in mentioning them is to show that they fell within the range of numbers.However, if you look at the graph, you will see that after placing the oil in the freezer for one hour, the number of bubbles increased across the board. The post-cooling numbers for the olive oil are 11, 10, and 8 with an average of 9.6 bubbles. The post-cooling numbers for the mineral oil are 9, 7, and 5 with a mean of 7. The Wilberts lemon oil post-cooling bubble count is 13, 12, and 12 providing an average of 12.3 bubbles. The conclusion of Bubbles Up is that oils density is affected by temperature. This conclusion was reached by observing the change in the number of bubbles in the midst of the oil being room temperature and chilled in the freezer. Based on these findings, I accept my initial hypothesis of oils density will increase as its temperature decreases. As seen b y the data chart and graph, more oil bubbles were created by the falling objects after the oil had been placed in the freezer for one hour.This conclusion was reached by having a clear and quotable experimental design. Having a concise experimental design is important because it will help to ensure that there is little room for error. Also, designing an experiment around a scientific inquiry will make it more likely for that specific question to be answered in an accurate and testable manner. If the experimental design is severely planned out, one can have inaccurate results, inaccurate information, and even have an irreparable or injurious mistake occur. The reason for having a well made experimental design is to negate any ill effects that could arise during testing as wellas ensuring valid results. One study factor of a well thought out experimental design is whether or not it can be replicated. Scientific replication in terms of experiments is important because it allows other s to see first-hand what the original person observed. It also tests and retests the hypothesis and findings of the original experiment.If the experiment cannot be replicated, there isnt a way to confirm whether the hypothesis is absolutely true and that those results from the first experiment are correct. For example, my experimental design detailed each step of the experiment as well as the conditions under which the experiment was done so that another person could repeat every portion of it down to the temperature of the room I was in. By making my design slightly simple, the steps of the design are easy and clear to follow. I indicated which order I tested things in, I made it clear to wash the items in between cups, I noted how long to leave the oils in the freezer for among other things.Mentioning every detail big and small allows my experimental design to be replicated. ascribable to having a simple design that is replicable and reliable for its purpose, my study is fair ly valid. It covered the purpose of the experiment, answered the question, and tested my hypothesis. I do believe that if this experiment was replicated, the results would be passing similar. With similar results between the original experiment and a replication, the experimental design would be proven to be valid. The ability to replicate an experiment and achieve similar results is important. If one replicates an experiment exactly and the results are vastly different, then the validity of the experiment does not exist.The experiment would be considered invalid. The reason for this is because a replication of an experiment tests how well the experiment was designed. If the experiment is designed poorly, then the experiments results may be terribly inaccurate. If the results are inaccurate, then the experiment has proven nothing. The results would be useless and provide no kind of scientific advancement. More importantly, the lack of similar results in experiment replication means that the hypothesis can not be tested to prove it to be right or wrong repeatedly. Therefore, the study would be unproductive and invalid for all scientific purposes.ReferencesSpangler, S. (2012). Steve spangler science make science fun. Retrievedfrom http//www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/seven-layer-density-columnSpangler, S. (n.d.). steve spangler science. Retrieved from http//www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/bubbling-lava-lampAni, B. O. (2011). The viscosity of motor oil. Informally published manuscript, University of South California, Los Angeles, , Available from California State Science Fair. Retrieved from http//www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/2011/Projects/S1801.pdfdensity. (n.d.). Retrieved September 6th, 2012, from http//science.yourdictionary.com/density